The sharecropping system that emerged in the South in the last three decades of the 19th century afforded southern black families a certain measure of control over their daily lives and labor. But the white landowners were able to use the legal mechanisms of sharecropping to assure control over the largely African-American workforce that toiled on the farms. Here Hughsey Childes, interviewed by historian Charles Hardy in 1984, described what seems like a matter of fact exchange in which the white landowner cheated the black sharecropper. But when the sharecropper got a little wise and withheld some of the crop from the landlord, the punishment was swift and final.

This is a activity that helps teens see the serious consequences of drinking alcohol. Students have fun but recognize the effects of alcohol. Activity only - requires Fatal Vision Goggles.

Socialist leader and four-time presidential candidate Eugene V. Debs was known as one of the most gifted orators of his generation. One listener recalled his impact as "something more powerful, penetrating, and articulate than mere words." Although Debs apparently never entered a sound studio, a recording of a Debs speech was widely circulated in the first decade of the 20th century. For many years, the speech was believed to have been in Debs' voice, and it was catalogued as such in libraries and record collections. In fact, the speech was written by Debs but recorded by actor Leonard Spencer, who was famous for his recorded versions of comic and dramatic monologues. It was not uncommon in the early days of recording to have actors read the words of politicians. (This was before actors became politicians.) Even if this recording does not give us Debs' actual voice, its circulation indicates his popularity. Faithful socialists wanted to be able to listen at home to Debs' attacks on the rapacious nature of capitalism and his argument that socialism was the only answer to human problems.

Mid-nineteenth century immigrants inhabited a social world far removed from that of native born, middle class Americans, one often marked by economic hardship. With no government relief and only limited private efforts, poor New Yorkers often searched everywhere for means to survive. This engraving showed people scavenging on garbage barges, searching for coal, rags, and other discarded items that might be used or sold to junk dealers. The picture, according to a Harper's Weekly editor, showed how some people in New York were forced to live upon the refuse of respectable folk.""

The struggle for woman suffrage lasted almost a century, beginning with the 1848 Woman's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, New York, and including the 1890 union of two competing suffrage organizations to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). NAWSA and other organizations campaigned diligently for the vote in a variety of ways, but did not achieve success until the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920. This prolonged struggle entangled female activists in other important political and moral issues that divided the nation along racial, ethnic, and class lines, and debates over the vote for women often took a divisive tone. Some white women suffrage leaders were willing to use class, ethnic, and racial arguments to bolster the case for granting white women the vote. Belle Kearney, a white Mississippi suffragist who addressed the 1903 NAWSA convention, raised the specter of black male political power to argue for the enfranchisement of white women.

Henry Hudson, employed by the Dutch India Company, anchored off of Manhattan in 1609 and traded with local Indians. Hudson then headed up the river (later named the Hudson River) seeking Northwest Passage to Asia. Other Dutch settlers soon followed. Delawares and Mahicans, who had been living along the coast of New Jersey and up the Hudson River when the Dutch arrived, were driven westward by expanding European settlements. The Reverend John Heckwelder, a Moravian missionary in the Ohio Valley, took down this particular narrative in the 1760s "as it was related to me by aged and respected" Delawares and Mahicans. Indian stories of the first encounters between Indians and Europeans often depicted the Europeans as "the great Mannitoo" or Supreme Being. This account went on to describe the trading and hospitality that followed the first encounter and the Europeans' eventual desire for land above all else.

This is another free digital course for students to use through EVERFI. Once assigned by the teacher, students can work through the modules at their own pace, or only be assigned some of them. It is a follow-up to the 306: Digital African American History Curriculum, and focuses on more modern day issues:

1. Introduction- Counter Storytelling, Black History Before Slavery, Definition of Systemic Racism
2. Untold Stories- Juneteenth, Affirmative Action, LA Riots, Ferguson Protests, Million Man March, 2020 March on Washington, Black Lives Matter Movement
3. Black Business Titans-Golden Age of Black Business, Influential Black Business people, O.W.Gurley, Black Wall Street, Tulsa Race Massacre
4. Black Contributions to Medicine- Racial Inequities in Healthcare, Black Medical Trailblazers, Historical & Modern Racial Discrimination of Black People in Medical Practice

EVERFI is a free online learning platform that provides free digital mini-courses to K-12 teachers. You will need to create an account, but then all access is free! This course can be assigned to students to work on individually, and will score assessments. It divides African American History into 4 periods, followed by a summative capstone essay:

1. Slavery Period: Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, Phyllis Wheatley, Underground Railroad
2. Emancipation & Reconstruction Period: Frederick Douglass, Hiram Revels
3. Jim Crow Period: Tuskegee Institute, W.E.B. Du Bois, Harlem Renaissance
4. Civil Rights Period & Beyond: Brown v. Board of Education, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Freedom Rides,
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, Mae Jemison
5. Capstone Essay

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries fraternal organizations were ubiquitous. Their structure and rituals influenced a wide range of other groups, from the Knights of Labor to the Grange, from the American Protective Association to the Ku Klux Klan. In the last two decades of the 19th century, Americans created almost 500 national beneficiary orders and thousands of local lodges. The enormous membership of fraternal organizations attracted the attention of early sociologists. In this excerpt from an article published in the March 1901 issue of the American Journal of Sociology, B. H. Meyer surveyed "Fraternal Beneficiary Societies in the United States." Although fraternal organizations like the Masons sometimes crossed class, ethnic, and religious (but almost never racial) lines, they more often reinforced those divisions. African Americans, immigrants, and the working class thus created their own complex of social and fraternal orders.

This lesson considers how Europeans interpreted the New World through some of their earliest visual depictions. America in Class Lessons are tailored to meet the Common Core State Standards. The Lessons present challenging primary resources in a classroom-ready format, with background information and analytical strategies that enable teachers and students to subject texts and images to the close reading called for in the Standards.

There is lots of flexibility with this unit. Although it may seem small, this unit allows teachers and students explore topics in greater depth in a lecture/small group discussion format, online discussions, or student led lessons. This resources covers career options and how they affect income and standard of living; calculation of take-home pay; practice with simple tax returns; and basic employment forms, i.e. W-4, W-2.

The strength of this unit is the flexibility it provides for teachers and students. The structure of this unit allows for a variety of instructional stategies to be utilized.

Launched in 1997, the site provides tools to help parents as well as educators teach children to manage money wisely and develop good financial habits: the building blocks for a secure future.   Provides both content information and interactive activities for all age groups.

"The easyCBM system was developed by educational researchers at the University of Oregon in close collaboration with school district partners across the United States. It is designed to give teachers insight into which of their students may need additional instructional supports as well as to provide a means by which they can measure the effectiveness of their teaching. System reports provide information that supports evidence-based decision making, and the Interventions interface streamlines the process of keeping track of students' instructional program, a feature that is particularly helpful for student study team meetings and parent conferences.
The full District system includes a variety of curriculum based measures in the content areas of early literacy in both English and Spanish as well as oral reading fluency, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. In addition, it offers mathematics measures with reach to both the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Focal Point Standards and the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics, with built-in read-aloud and Spanish translation accommodations. The Teacher Deluxe Edition offers the same features as the District version, but is optimized for individual teacher, rather than system-wide adoption. A truncated version, the Lite Edition, is available free of charge for individual teachers."

Interdisciplinary lesson plan on the ebola outbreak for middle and high school students.

Importance of data for all stakeholders. Data needs to be easily accessible by learners, educators and parents.

This program surveys two centuries of art and culture in the city now known as Tokyo. Ceramics, screens, textiles, prints, paintings, and armor are among the materials discussed.

AbstractBackground: Oscillation and pulmonary expansion (OPE) therapy can decrease postoperative pulmonary complications in a general surgical population, but its effect after cardiac surgery has not been reported, to our knowledge. We hypothesized that using an OPE device after cardiac surgery before extubation would decrease pulmonary complications. 

Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) on June 25, 1938, the last major piece of New Deal legislation. The act outlawed child labor and guaranteed a minimum wage of 40 cents an hour and a maximum work week of 40 hours, benefiting more than 22 million workers. Although the law helped establish a precedent for the Federal regulation of work conditions, conservative forces in Congress effectively exempted many workers, such as waiters, cooks, janitors, farm workers, and domestics, from its coverage. In October 1949, President Harry S. Truman signed into law the Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1949, raising the minimum wage to 75 cents hour and extending coverage, but still leaving many workers unprotected. In the following statement to the 1949 Senate subcommittee on FLSA amendments, the chairman of a small advocacy organization appealed to Congress to extend the minimum wage and child labor provisions to cover agricultural workers.

Department stores not only became a major source of employment for young urban white women beginning in the late 19th century; they also offered a new focus for stories and novels about life in America's burgeoning cities. Writers as diverse as Theodore Dreiser, Edna Ferber, and O. Henry often used the world of department stores and the shop girls who worked there to create a modern fiction (including a brand new form--the short story) that allowed readers to feel the texture of urban life. Ferber's shop-girl heroines were strong-willed, and though they expressed vulnerability and desire for male companionship, they valued their careers. In this 1912 Ferber short story, titled "One of the Old Girls," the head of the corset department in Spiegel's department store is faced with a hard decision when her longtime swain "pops the question."