This set of lecture notes covers several topics relating to the earth's interior. Seismic waves and the earth's internal structure are discussed. Several mechanisms for the origin of magma are offered. These lecture notes are in outline form with definitions and instructive diagrams. This resource is part of the Teaching Petrology collection. http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/petrology03/index.html

This site from Tulane University consists of a lecture by Dr. Stephen Nelson on tectosilicate, oxide and carbonate minerals. The site features a table and description of the minerals in each group, including the nine types of SiO2, the different feldspars, and the calcite group. Optical and physical properties are explained, as well as the environment in which each mineral crystallizes.

These lecture notes discuss equilibrium crystallization in two component systems. Isotherms and boundary curves are introduced in this section. Other topics discussed include congruently melting intermediate compounds, incongruently melting compounds, and binary solid solution in ternary systems. Annotated phase diagrams are included throughout the text. This resource is part of the Teaching Petrology collection. http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/petrology03/index.html

These lecture notes provide an introductory lesson in thermodynamics to help students better understand the relationships depicted on phase diagrams. The first and third laws of thermodynamics and Gibb's Free Energy are discussed. Solid-solid reactions are covered in the context of the Sillimanite-Kyanite-Andalusite P-T graph. Devolatization reactions, reaction boundaries, and reaction rates are also covered in the notes. The notes contain many graphs relating pressure, temperature, and Gibb's Free energy. This resource is part of the Teaching Petrology collection. http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/petrology03/index.html

These lecture notes discuss the use of three component systems in metamorphic petrology. Common triangular plots used in metamorphic rocks are presented with annotated ternary diagrams. The presentation includes four criteria for reducing the number of components in a system to a workable number. There is also discussion of the issue of lost information when reducing the number of components in a system. This resource is part of the Teaching Petrology collection. http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/petrology03/index.html

This site is a lecture by Dr. Stephen Nelson from Tulane University that discusses the various nonstandard forms of crystal growth that are characteristic to some minerals. Topics include twinning (contact and penetration, polysynthetic and cyclical), the origins of twinning, and twin laws in the triclinic, monoclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, hexagonal, and isometric systems. Various types of polymorphism in many minerals are discussed as well as polytypism, metamict minerals, mineraloids, and pseudomorphism. Examples of each mechanism in common minerals are given.

This site contains lecture notes that are part of a petrology class taught at Tulane University. This section includes a discussion of systems, phases, components, the phase rule, two component eutectic systems, incongruent melting, rocks of varying composition and fractional crystallization, solid solution and exsolution. The lecture notes contain text, definitions and annotated phase diagrams. This resource is part of the Teaching Petrology collection. http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/petrology03/index.html

This set of lecture notes introduces metamorphic grade and type (contact, regional, cataclastic, hydrothermal, burial, shock), and classification of metamorphic rocks. Further topics include texture, protolith, bulk chemical composition, and metamorphic facies. The notes contain definitions and a small number of instructional illustrations. This resource is part of the Teaching Petrology collection. http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/petrology03/index.html

This site from Tulane University consists of an introductory lecture by Dr. Stephen Nelson on X-ray crystallography as it is used in mineral identification. Topics include X-rays and the production of X-rays, the two types of X-ray spectra, continuous and characteristic, X-ray diffraction and Bragg's Law, and the X-ray powder method. Drawings and diagrams help illustrate the concepts presented in the lecture.