Learning Domain: Life Science

Standard: Ecosystem characteristics vary over time. Disruptions to any part of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all of its populations. The completeness or integrity of an ecosystem's biodiversity is often used as a measure of its health.

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Learning Domain: Life Science

Standard: Organisms and populations are dependent on their environmental interactions both with other living things and with nonliving factors, any of which can limit their growth. Competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems but the patterns are shared.

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Learning Domain: Earth and Space Science

Standard: Feedback effects exist within and among Earth's systems.

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Learning Domain: Explore

Standard: Apply the laws of conservation of mass and energy to analyze cycles and flows of Earth's systems, including: the cycling of matter and flow of energy among the biotic and abiotic components in the biosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere; the transfer and loss of energy and mass at each link in an ecosystem; and the roles of photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and carbon sequestration in the global carbon cycle.

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Learning Domain: Mathematical Practices

Standard: Attend to precision. Mathematically proficient students try to communicate precisely to others. They try to use clear definitions in discussion with others and in their own reasoning. They state the meaning of the symbols they choose, including using the equal sign consistently and appropriately. They are careful about specifying units of measure, and labeling axes to clarify the correspondence with quantities in a problem. They calculate accurately and efficiently, express numerical answers with a degree of precision appropriate for the problem context. In the elementary grades, students give carefully formulated explanations to each other. By the time they reach high school they have learned to examine claims and make explicit use of definitions.

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Learning Domain: Engage

Standard: Explain the importance of civic responsibility and their duty to be advocates for change. Identify instances when citizen action and public opinion have influenced change, and evaluate the effect of citizen action on environmental quality and sustainability for the common good. Examine sustainability issues that need attention in the school or community, identify perspectives of various stakeholders, and consider how different perspectives could contribute to solutions.

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Learning Domain: Earth and Space Science

Standard: Energy flows and matter cycles within and among Earth's systems, including the sun and Earth's interior as primary energy sources. Plate tectonics is one result of these processes.

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Learning Domain: Earth and Space Science

Standard: The biosphere and Earth's other systems have many interconnections that cause a continual coevolution of Earth's surface and life on it.

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Learning Domain: Engage

Standard: Research issues related to environmental sustainability, critiquing the economic, environmental, and societal aspects of the issue, and examine how citizen action and public opinion can influence outcomes. Evaluate the needs of a local community to identify potential projects related to environmental sustainability. Identify and describe perspectives of stakeholders in the issue.

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Learning Domain: Life Science

Standard: Ecosystems have carrying capacities resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. The fundamental tension between resource availability and organism populations affects the abundance of species in any given ecosystem. The combination of the factors that affect an organism's success can be measured as a multidimensional niche.

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Learning Domain: Mathematical Practices

Standard: Use appropriate tools strategically. Mathematically proficient students consider the available tools when solving a mathematical problem. These tools might include pencil and paper, concrete models, a ruler, a protractor, a calculator, a spreadsheet, a computer algebra system, a statistical package, or dynamic geometry software. Proficient students are sufficiently familiar with tools appropriate for their grade or course to make sound decisions about when each of these tools might be helpful, recognizing both the insight to be gained and their limitations. For example, mathematically proficient high school students analyze graphs of functions and solutions generated using a graphing calculator. They detect possible errors by strategically using estimation and other mathematical knowledge. When making mathematical models, they know that technology can enable them to visualize the results of varying assumptions, explore consequences, and compare predictions with data. Mathematically proficient students at various grade levels are able to identify relevant external mathematical resources, such as digital content located on a website, and use them to pose or solve problems. They are able to use technological tools to explore and deepen their understanding of concepts.

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Learning Domain: Connect

Standard: Identify the relationship between parts of natural and cultural systems in connecting communities into regional systems (e.g., watershed areas, political jurisdictions, ethnic communities). Understand the relationships between the environment and geography of a locality and its history, culture, and economy. Gather data from primary sources to identify local needs and compare to perceived local, regional, or global needs. Investigate alternatives to meeting one's needs for food, water, and shelter.

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Learning Domain: Mathematical Practices

Standard: Look for and make use of structure. Mathematically proficient students look closely to discern a pattern or structure. Young students, for example, might notice that three and seven more is the same amount as seven and three more, or they may sort a collection of shapes according to how many sides the shapes have. Later, students will see 7 × 8 equals the well remembered 7 × 5 + 7 × 3, in preparation for learning about the distributive property. In the expression x^2 + 9x + 14, older students can see the 14 as 2 × 7 and the 9 as 2 + 7. They recognize the significance of an existing line in a geometric figure and can use the strategy of drawing an auxiliary line for solving problems. They also can step back for an overview and shift perspective. They can see complicated things, such as some algebraic expressions, as single objects or as being composed of several objects. For example, they can see 5 – 3(x – y)^2 as 5 minus a positive number times a square and use that to realize that its value cannot be more than 5 for any real numbers x and y.

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Learning Domain: Explore

Standard: Develop and analyze models that describe cycles and flows of Earth's systems, including the cycling of water driven by energy from the sun and the force of gravity; the cycling of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, and oxygen among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere; and cycling of matter and flow of energy through photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

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Learning Domain: Connect

Standard: Ask questions about patterns and cause and effect relationships in natural and cultural systems observed outdoors daily, seasonally, and over time. Examine how curiosity and wonder help formulate questions to pursue knowledge about everyday experiences.

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Learning Domain: Connect

Standard: Analyze relationships between parts of local and global natural and cultural systems. Compare and contrast historical and current resource use, and analyze the effects on local, regional, and global natural and cultural systems.

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Learning Domain: Connect

Standard: Investigate and analyze one's own curiosities about patterns that emerge from outdoor exploration to develop new questions, draw conclusions, or formulate new ideas or solutions. Reflect and share how one's perspectives influence personal curiosity, the pursuit of knowledge, and respect for others and the environment.

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Learning Domain: Earth and Space Science

Standard: Water cycles among land, ocean, and atmosphere, and is propelled by sunlight and gravity. Density variations of sea water drive interconnected ocean currents. Water movement causes weathering and erosion, changing landscape features.

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