Author:
Jennifer Russell
Subject:
Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources
Material Type:
Module
Level:
College / Upper Division, Career / Technical
Tags:
  • Reproduction
  • License:
    Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial
    Language:
    English
    Media Formats:
    Downloadable docs

    Animal Science-Reproductive Midterm and Project

    Overview

    Reproduction Unit Objectives: By the end of this unit, students will be able to…

    -          Identify the following from both images of the reproductive tract as well as by their descriptions: uterus, vulva, oviduct, cervix, and vagina. 

    -          List the causes of reproductive inefficiency in livestock.

    -          Compare and contrast natural and artificial insemination.

    -          Explain how each of the following change during estrus: vulva; oviduct; vagina; ovary.

    -          Identify and explain the purpose (if any) of each of the following cervical structures: 
    a. Fornix   b.  Annular Rings   c.  Mucus Plug  

    -          Identify and explain the purpose (if any) of each of the following uterine tissues:
    a. Perimetrium   b.  Myometrium   c.  Endometrium   d. Caruncles

    -          Identify and explain the purpose (if any) of each of the following regions in the oviduct: 
    a.  UTJ    b.  Isthmus   c.  Ampulla   d. Infundibulum

    -          Identify and explain the purpose (if any) of each of the following ovarian structures: 
    a.  Ova    b.  Follicles   c.  Corpus Luteum 

    -          List and describe the signs of estrus in a cow.

    -          Summarize the causes, symptoms, and implications of each of the following disorders:
    a. Ovarian Cyst   b.  Anestrus   c.  Freemartin   d.  Blind/Closed Cervix   e.  Dystocia  f. Metritis
    g. Retained Placenta  h. Anestrus  i.  Uterine Prolapse   j. Vaginal Prolapse   k.  Repeat Breeding

    -          Define and describe each of the following: a. Estrous Cycle    b.  Endocrine Gland   c.  Target Tissue   d.  Estrus   e.  Endocrine System

    -          Summarize how a hormone “knows” which tissues and organs to activate.

    -          Explain why two messenger systems are needed in the bodies of animals.

    -          Identify, describe, and explain the function of GnRH, FSH, LH, Estradiol, Progesterone, and PGF2α.

    -          Identify GnRH, FSH, LH, Estradiol, Progesterone, and PGF2α based on when the reach their peak levels in the estrous cycle.

    -          Explain the purpose, mechanism, and hormonal components of Lutalyse, Ovsynch, CIDR, and MGA.

    -          Summarize and explain each of the following stages of the estrous cycle:
    a.  Estrus    b.  Metestrus   c.  Diestrus    d.  Proestrus

    -          Explain the difference between a paracrine and endocrine hormone.

    -          Explain the difference between insemination and conception.

    -          Identify the window of time in which a cow should be bred after calving.

    -          Determine when it is appropriate to breed a cow by recognizing the signs of a cow in heat.

    -          Summarize the function of each of the following heat detection aids: heat expectancy chart, mount detection aid, tailhead markings, heat detector animals, and pedometers.

    -          Identify when insemination should occur based on when a cow is seen in heat.

    -          Summarize the purpose, function, use, and limitations of the following pregnancy detection methods: rectal palpation, ultrasounds, and blood testing.

    -          Compare and contrast the benefits and drawbacks of twinning in cattle.

    -          Summarize and define each of the following terms: dry period, lactation, gestation, and mastitis.

    -          Summarize the steps necessary to dry off a cow and prevent mastitis during or after the dry period.

    -          Diagnose a case of mastitis based on its symptoms.

    -          Diagnose whether or not a cow is about to calve based on her symptoms.

    -          Summarize the signs of normal calving vs. abnormal calving and diagnose whether or not human intervention is necessary.

    -          Summarize and explain the steps required to conduct a physical exam on a cow while she is calving.

    -          List the situations in which human intervention during calving will always be necessary.

    -          Explain the proper intervention methods during the following scenarios: upside down calf, backwards calf,                 calf with a head/leg bent backwards, calf that is positioned correctly but has not made any progress in at least 30 minutes.

    -          Summarize how to manually dilate the cervix of a cow to aid in calving.

    -          Demonstrate how to properly utilize and apply calving chains in order to assist with cases of dystocia.

    -          Demonstrate how to properly care for the cow and the calf after calving in order to ensure maximal health and prevent disease and infection. 

    Section 1

    Reproduction Unit Objectives: By the end of this unit, students will be able to…

    -          Identify the following from both images of the reproductive tract as well as by their descriptions: uterus, vulva, oviduct, cervix, and vagina. 

    -          List the causes of reproductive inefficiency in livestock.

    -          Compare and contrast natural and artificial insemination.

    -          Explain how each of the following change during estrus: vulva; oviduct; vagina; ovary.

    -          Identify and explain the purpose (if any) of each of the following cervical structures: 
    a. Fornix   b.  Annular Rings   c.  Mucus Plug  

    -          Identify and explain the purpose (if any) of each of the following uterine tissues:
    a. Perimetrium   b.  Myometrium   c.  Endometrium   d. Caruncles

    -          Identify and explain the purpose (if any) of each of the following regions in the oviduct: 
    a.  UTJ    b.  Isthmus   c.  Ampulla   d. Infundibulum

    -          Identify and explain the purpose (if any) of each of the following ovarian structures: 
    a.  Ova    b.  Follicles   c.  Corpus Luteum 

    -          List and describe the signs of estrus in a cow.

    -          Summarize the causes, symptoms, and implications of each of the following disorders:
    a. Ovarian Cyst   b.  Anestrus   c.  Freemartin   d.  Blind/Closed Cervix   e.  Dystocia  f. Metritis
    g. Retained Placenta  h. Anestrus  i.  Uterine Prolapse   j. Vaginal Prolapse   k.  Repeat Breeding

    -          Define and describe each of the following: a. Estrous Cycle    b.  Endocrine Gland   c.  Target Tissue   d.  Estrus   e.  Endocrine System

    -          Summarize how a hormone “knows” which tissues and organs to activate.

    -          Explain why two messenger systems are needed in the bodies of animals.

    -          Identify, describe, and explain the function of GnRH, FSH, LH, Estradiol, Progesterone, and PGF2α.

    -          Identify GnRH, FSH, LH, Estradiol, Progesterone, and PGF2α based on when the reach their peak levels in the estrous cycle.

    -          Explain the purpose, mechanism, and hormonal components of Lutalyse, Ovsynch, CIDR, and MGA.

    -          Summarize and explain each of the following stages of the estrous cycle:
    a.  Estrus    b.  Metestrus   c.  Diestrus    d.  Proestrus

    -          Explain the difference between a paracrine and endocrine hormone.

    -          Explain the difference between insemination and conception.

    -          Identify the window of time in which a cow should be bred after calving.

    -          Determine when it is appropriate to breed a cow by recognizing the signs of a cow in heat.

    -          Summarize the function of each of the following heat detection aids: heat expectancy chart, mount detection aid, tailhead markings, heat detector animals, and pedometers.

    -          Identify when insemination should occur based on when a cow is seen in heat.

    -          Summarize the purpose, function, use, and limitations of the following pregnancy detection methods: rectal palpation, ultrasounds, and blood testing.

    -          Compare and contrast the benefits and drawbacks of twinning in cattle.

    -          Summarize and define each of the following terms: dry period, lactation, gestation, and mastitis.

    -          Summarize the steps necessary to dry off a cow and prevent mastitis during or after the dry period.

    -          Diagnose a case of mastitis based on its symptoms.

    -          Diagnose whether or not a cow is about to calve based on her symptoms.

    -          Summarize the signs of normal calving vs. abnormal calving and diagnose whether or not human intervention is necessary.

    -          Summarize and explain the steps required to conduct a physical exam on a cow while she is calving.

    -          List the situations in which human intervention during calving will always be necessary.

    -          Explain the proper intervention methods during the following scenarios: upside down calf, backwards calf,                 calf with a head/leg bent backwards, calf that is positioned correctly but has not made any progress in at least 30 minutes.

    -          Summarize how to manually dilate the cervix of a cow to aid in calving.

    -          Demonstrate how to properly utilize and apply calving chains in order to assist with cases of dystocia.

    -          Demonstrate how to properly care for the cow and the calf after calving in order to ensure maximal health and prevent disease and infection.